Which factor of G forces relates to how long the force is experienced?

The correct factor that relates to how long G forces are experienced is duration. Duration refers to the length of time that an individual is subjected to a specific G force during maneuvers. In aerospace physiology, understanding duration is crucial because prolonged exposure to G forces can lead to various physiological effects, such as G-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC), particularly when the forces are high and sustained over time.

While magnitude describes the strength or intensity of the G forces acting on the body, and direction refers to the way in which those forces are applied (such as vertical or horizontal), neither of these factors specifically addresses the time aspect. Rate usually pertains to how quickly changes in G forces occur, which also does not directly relate to the total time of exposure.

Therefore, focusing on duration allows for better preparation and response strategies to mitigate the risks associated with varying levels of G forces experienced during flight operations.